Реферат: В статье освещены результаты лечения детей и подростков с МЛУ ТБ препаратами основного и резервного ряда, представлены данные по наличию контакта с бактериовыделителями у этих больных, проанализированы частота осложнений и исходы.
The comparative analysis of effectiveness of treatment with anti-TB drugs of the 1st and 2nd lines for children and adolescents with multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Автор(ы): Абилдаев Т. Ш.*Бекембаева Г. С.*Кастыкпаева Л. В.*
Реферат: In this paper there are given the results of study of comparative treatment effectiveness in children and adolescents with from multi drug resistant tuberculosisMDR TB(2000-2008) treated with anti-TB drugs of the 2nd line (80 patients) and 1st line (80 patients) in the Republic Kazakhstan. It was stated in patients with MDR TB that outcomes of treatment were successful in 91.2%, but relapse development of TB disease occurred in 12.7% of cases, and 5 (6.2%) patients died (P<=0.05). Thus, patients with MDR TB need to be treated with anti-TB drugs of the 2nd line accordingly to their DST.
Актуальность включения вопросов профилактики и выявления туберкулеза при обучении больных в <школах сахарного диабета>
Автор(ы): Хауадамова Г. Т.*Абилдаев Т. Ш.*Арбузова Я. В.*Мясникова Г. А.*Уразакова Д. И.*
Реферат: В данной статье поднимаются проблемы профилактики, выявления и лечения туберкулеза в рамках обучения для пациентов школы сахарного диабета в эпидемиологически напряженной по туберкулезу территории. Изучена заболеваемость туберкулезом и сахарным диабетом в Республике Казахстан. Учитывая фактор риска по развитию туберкулеза среди больных сахарным диабетом, разработан комплекс вопросов, освещаемых в школе диабета. Направлены усилия на консолидацию эндокринологов и фтизиатров в Программе борьбы с туберкулезом через <Школу диабета> по профилактике, выявлению и лечению взаимоотягощающих заболеваний, что позволит улучшить эпидситуацию по туберкулезу в когорте пациентов с сахарным диабетом.
Survey on corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan
Реферат: This survey is conducted to understand the current state of CSR development and to assess the degree of CSR practices in Kazakhstan. In-depth questionnaires are disseminated among business companies of different size and ownership. Respondents are top and middle managers and rank-and-file employees. The study is descriptive and covers the following issues: CSR perceptions and expectations, driving forces and objectives in CSR activities, the major barriers hindering the development of CSR, CSR management strategies and processes within the company, relationships with and attitudes towards the major stakeholders in CSR activities, the role of the government in CSR development in Kazakhstan. The findings of this empirical research may be useful to researchers who work in the CSR field. For managers, the study can provide some guidance in their CSR strategic planning. For policy-makers, it helps to understand better the current state of CSR in the country and work out more effective public policies and instruments in fostering sustainable development.
Social partnership in the CSR development in Kazakhstan
Реферат: There is little research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Central Asian countries, in particular, in Kazakhstan. To understand the development of CSR in Kazakhstan the following issues are addressed: CSR perceptions and expectations of different stakeholders, driving forces and priorities in CSR activities, and the roles of business, state and civil society in CSR development. The study is conducted mainly through library and Internet research. Data sources include business CSR reports provided by national and international companies working in Kazakhstan, state documents, mass media and other published literature. It is found that the state is the prime driver, practitioner and facilitator of CSR, social responsibilities towards own employees dominate CSR business activities, and society does not play a significant role in promoting social partnership in the CSR development in the country.
Explaining the role of culture and traditions in functioning of civil society organizations in Kazakhstan
Реферат: Recent studies find that Western-style professional nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries are weak and unsustainable. Most of these NGOs developed strong dependency on foreign donors for funds, and did not develop local network of support. This study is conducted to understand the lack of effectiveness of NGOs in Kazakhstan and to test popular sentiments toward NGOs. The interview with local and foreign social science experts and public figures confirm that NGOs in Kazakhstan are weak and unsustainable. The explanations of institutional ineffectiveness lay in disconnect with local traditions, low visibility of NGOs, and unsupportive government. Survey of general population suggests that people in Kazakhstan know very little about NGOs and do not appreciate their utility. We explain the inability of civil society organizations to reach out to local people by cultural mismatch. By using the Hofstede national culture model (Culture\'s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 1984), we argue that local culture is in striking dissonance with the culture of donor countries, which created the NGO agenda in Kazakhstan.
Dynamics of entrepreneurship development in Kazakhstan
Реферат: This paper is an overview on dynamics of entrepreneurship development in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is one of the successfully developing countries in the post-Soviet area. The overview of the economy, government policy and its impact on economic growth and development of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan during twenty years of independence were observed. The data for analyses were used from different sources: government statistics, Kazakhstan Entrepreneurship Development Fund (DAMU), reports of Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM) and World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Factbook, Kazakhstani Policies and other sources. The study did not find a strong correlation between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rate and rate of entrepreneurship change; rate of GDP and rate of production output produced by small businesses and entrepreneurship. However, there is an opportunity for further research to investigate qualitative and quantitative factors, which influence the entrepreneurship development in a country.
Management issues for improving NGO sustainability in Kazakhstan
Реферат: The growth of the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) sector is a global phenomenon, and this is particularly relevant for developing and transitional countries. In Kazakhstan, a country undergoing transition since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the NGO sector has grown significantly since the early years of independence. Since volunteerism is still a relatively new phenomenon in Kazakhstan, the NGO sector needs to enhance its management capacity in order to facilitate its long-term development. This qualitative study examines the role of the NGO sector in Kazakhstan since its independence, and identifies some management issues relevant to enhancing the long-term development of the sector in the country.
The long run growth rate of the Kazakhstan\'s economy
Автор(ы): Aloysius Ajab Amin*Айнекова Д.*
Объем документа: С. 45-56
МРНТИ: 06.52.42
Ключевые слова: темпы роста экономики*производительность производста*совокупная производительность*
Реферат: Kazakhstan\'s economy has performed very well for almost the past decade - growing on an average annual growth rate of 9%. Furthermore, over this period there has been rapid increase in production in all the sectors of the economy. Can this economy continue to grow at such a high growth rate in the long run? The scanty existing literature on the topic suggests that growth is driven by exports from the extractive industry, while growth accounting studies on Kazakhstan\'s economy reveal little contribution of total factor productivity to growth. In theory, the total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate and long-run growth rate, or the steady state growth rate are equal. Hence, we examine this premise because it is as interesting and useful as policy input. In investigating the long run growth rate, we used parametric (econometric) methods with extended production functions to include learning by doing through trade (openness). We find the estimates of the TFP steady state growth rate to be around 3 percent. This study gives us better insight into the economic growth of the country, although with transitional economies like Kazakhstan\'s, there are huge institutional changes.
Реферат: Global economic integration is intensifying the pressure on business organizations in countries at different stages of societal and economic development to engage directly with each other. For example, escalating demand for natural resources brings those from resource-rich countries into contact with others from countries that lack the necessary resources to support industrial and economic expansion. Another example is that of companies whose home country market is stagnating or declining, while new markets opening up in other countries expand. Companies that have the ability to conduct business with parties at different levels of economic development are more likely than others to succeed in such an environment.